The article examines sociological discourse and approaches to defining the concept of demobilization. The emphasis is on the personal level of demobilizing barriers to participation of Russian youth in digital activism. An all-Russian survey of experts in the field of digital participation of youth was conducted (32 experts from 8 federal districts). The author proposes a typology of barriers that cause demobilization at the stages of involvement (information, reputational, resource barriers, as well as barriers of socialization, irresponsibility, mistrust, goal setting) and retention (barriers of perspective, communication, formalization, routinization and network) of youth in civic activism. The influence exerted by the digital environment on enhancing demobilization effects is shown. The conclusion is drawn about the high frequency of confrontations between participants and organizers of digital activism with the identified barriers, but at the same time the positive attitude of experts about the possibilities of overcoming them.

In the conditions of the SVO, interest in civilizational differences has grown, the course "Fundamentals of Russian Statehood" has been introduced in universities. The article substantiates the thesis that the culture of the Russian civilization (in the spheres of religion, literacy, writing, law, world perception, art, education systems, science, crafts, etc.) rose from the culture of the GreekByzantine civilization. The differences between Greece and Rome in ancient times, Russia from the West of Europe in the Middle Ages, Russia from Western civilization in modern and postmodern times are shown. The differences in the interpretation of Christianity in Catholicism-Protestantism from Orthodoxy are highlighted. From the slavery of Rome, the domination of the barbarians, the crusades, the Inquisition, the witch hunt, absolute scholasticism in philosophy, papocaesarism with its absolutism of papal power and totalitarian attitude towards the flock-subjects and – most importantly – genocide against "their" and other peoples arose. In contrast, Byzantium and Russia with their "caesaropapism" and "symphony of the authorities" relied on a sensitive borrowing of customs and culture of neighbors, the receptivity of other views and beliefs. Thanks to this, the West has always been rigidly antipathetic to any deviations from the "general line" of power, up to total terror, fascism, Nazism, racism and the slave trade. The Russian civilization, relying on the values of ancient Greece and Byzantium and the Mongolian Yassa, preferred the values of empathy (internationalism and collectivism) and therefore was guided primarily by the New Testament. It is this axiological contradiction that determines the age-old Russophobia of the West in relation to Russia, which prevents the legitimization of racism-hegemonism of the West.

The article is devoted to the study of digital competence of youth, the analysis of data collected during a representative all-Russian sociological survey of youth conducted by a team of authors in 2023. The purpose of this study is a deeper understanding of the current level of digital literacy of Russian youth and the identification of factors affecting its development. Summarizing the results obtained allows us to draw conclusions about how young people adapt to the digital world, what challenges and opportunities it provides, and what strategies can be developed to strengthen and improve their digital competence.

The article summarizes the individual results of a sociological study of the public opinion of residents of the Nizhny Novgorod region, dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the creation of the USSR. The results of the study are considered from the point of view of the influence of the Soviet period of the country's history on the formation of the image of the future on the scale of macro-social groups and strata of the population. The article presents the role and influence of ideas formed in the Soviet period about social justice and, in a narrow sense, the just social structure of society and the state on the formation of the image of the future in modern Russia. The key role of the ideas and collective historical memory formed in the Soviet period in the further development of the country, the unity of the regions and the center is emphasized. The materials continue the series of studies 2015-2022. and are based on research data conducted by the Volga Branch of the Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the ANO "Research Institute of Social Management Problems" (Nizhny Novgorod).

The results of the research conducted in the form of a mass online survey of Russian youth in 2022 are presented. The aspects of digital socialization in the ratio of virtual and real interaction are described. The distribution of opinions of young respondents about the role of digital technologies in their lives and the extent to which these technologies can replace the factors of real, "live" communication is presented. The authors conclude that young people are ready to actively interact in two spaces – digital and real, which allows us to consider the model of socialization that closely unites them as the most acceptable at present.

The demographic situation in Russia is characterized by a persistently narrowed type of population reproduction, which certainly actualizes the study of narratives on demographic security and involves understanding the attitudes and risks associated with demographic behavior. Kazan universities are a good platform for studying the demographic behavior of student youth, where mutual influence of the attitudes of the Turkic world and the Russian mental context occurs. The article discusses the features of using the focus group method in the research field of demographic security, with students of Kazan in a multiethnic youth environment. As a result of conducting 16 cases using the focus group method and based on 50 free interviews with its participants, which were conducted 7 days after each focus group, the key attitudes of demographic behavior (reproductive, self-preservation, migration and matrimonial) of student youth in a multi-ethnic environment were identified and the image of the future in demographic security narratives. The focus group method is presented as a platform that makes it possible to create a certain “meta-story”, where the demographic attitudes of young educated representatives of different ethnic groups are realized, the degree of their compatibility, and a search for ways of a possible joint future is developed..

Child’s health and various disease prevention is of great priority in healthcare system. The formation of self-preserving behavior occurs by means of social institutions so as: family, education, healthcare, and media. The article presents the self-preserving behavior of preschool children: hygiene standards compliance; health self-regulation; compliance regime of activity and rest; eating behavior; self-preserving behavior and self-destructive activity. The questionnaire survey of preschool children parents was conducted. The analysis result revealed the following empirical data: insufficient family medical activity towards preschool children; sports regularity; hygiene rules compliance; low level of child's knowledge concerning significant individual information; high level of child's knowledge about traffic rules.

The article is devoted to one of the key problems of electoral sociology: the level and nature of voter participation in elections of various levels in Russia in 1997-1998. A large number of participants testifies to the involvement of citizens in the activities of the socio-political system, their belief in the possibility of influencing the voting results on real politics.

The paper examines the results of sociological studies published in this period, which address the issues of voter turnout. Estimates of the level of citizens' participation in the electoral process, formulated by sociologists and specialists of related scientific disciplines, are also given.

The article draws the following conclusions. Sociologists record the development ofatrendcharacteristicofthefirsthalfofthe 1990s.Voterturnoutfortheelections is constantly decreasing. This is most clearly manifested at the grassroots level (elections of heads of cities and municipal deputies), during local referendums. This forces legislators to abandon the "threshold", the elections were considered to have taken place with any number of citizens who showed up at the ballot boxes.

On the other hand, there is a revival of electoral activity in some regions and cities, which affects the stabilization and even the growth of turnout. This phenomenon is assessed by sociologists as an increase in civic activity associated with the development of electoral culture, both political forces and ordinary citizens.